Pole na uku shine dandamali na hannu da aka sadaukar don fahimtar ayyukan ruwa da muhalli a Asiya.
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A 'yan watannin da suka gabata, hayaki ya zama ba da biyan kuɗi daga manyan bututun daga cikin garin Meerut a Uttar Pradesh. Mills na sukari a cikin jihohin arewacin India tsari na fibrous na fibrous stalks a lokacin ranewar ramin sukari da ya rage kakar, daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. Shuka Shuka Sharar yana ƙonewa don samar da wutar lantarki, kuma hayaki ya rataye yanayin wuri. Koyaya, duk da irin aikin da alama, samar da sukari don ciyar da masana'antar ba ta raguwa.
Arun Kumar Singh, dan wasan mai shekaru 35 da haihuwa daga garin Nanarlamal, kusan rabin sa'a daga meerut, ya damu. A kakar 2021-2022, an rage amfanin gonar Singh ta kusan kashi 30% - yana matukar tsammanin kilogiram miliyan 50, amma ya gabata kg kilogiram 100,000.
Singh zargi rikodin rikodin zafi na bara, lokacin Urratic kakar da kwari da ke wanke na girbin girbi. Babban bukatar rene ne ƙarfafawa manoma don su girma, mafi yawan gwagwarmaya amma da ƙarancin kayan da ba su da inganci, in ji shi. Nuna filinsa, ya ce, "An gabatar da wannan nau'in ne kawai ya gabatar da wannan kimanin shekaru takwas da suka gabata kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa kowace shekara. A kowane hali, babu isasshen ruwa a yankinmu. "
Al'umma a kewayen Nanglamala cibiyar ce don samar da ethanol daga sukari kuma yana cikin mafi girman sukari na Indiya a Indiya. Amma a Uttar Pradesh da a fadin Indiya, samar da sukari yana raguwa. A halin yanzu, gwamnatin tsakiya tana son injin sukari don amfani da rarar sukari na sukari don samar da ƙarin ethanol.
Za'a iya samun ethanol daga matattakaliyar dabbobi ko daga rake na sukari, masara da hatsi, waɗanda aka sani da bioethanol ko biofuels. Domin za a iya sabunta waɗannan albarkatu, ana rarrabe biofuels azaman tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Indiya tana samar da ƙarin sukari fiye da yadda yake cin abinci. A cikin kakar 2021-22 ya samar da tan miliyan 39.4 na sukari. A cewar Gwamnati, yawan ayyukan gida shine kimanin tan miliyan 26 a kowace shekara. Tun daga shekarar 2019, Indiya ta yi ta gwagwarmayar ruwa ta hanyar fitar da mafi yawanta (sama da miliyan miliyan 10 a bara), amma ministocin sun fi dacewa a yi amfani da shi don samar da ethanol kamar yadda ake nufin masana'antu na iya samar da sauri. Biya da samun ƙarin kuɗi. gudana.
Hakanan Indiya ta shigo da mai a adadi mai yawa: Ton na miliyan 185 na fetur a cikin 2020-2021 darajan dala biliyan 55, a cewar tanki na jihar niti aayog. Sabili da haka, ana ba da izinin ethanol tare da iskar fetur tare da hanyar amfani da sukari, wanda ba a cinye ta cikin rayuwa, yayin cimma 'yancin kai. Niti Aayog yana kiyasta cewa 20:80 na hadin gwiwar ethanol da man shafawa zasu ceci kasar a kalla tara miliyan 4, kuma yana shirin kaiwa da tan miliyan 3.5 a shekarar 2022-2023.
A shekara ta 2003, gwamnatin Indiya ta ƙaddamar da shirin fetur na ciki na ethanol (EBP) tare da farkon manufa na 5% ethann ricon. A halin yanzu, ethanol yana yin kusan kashi 10 na haɗuwa. Gwamnatin India ta kafa makasudin kai 20% ta 2025-2026, kuma manufofin ci gaba ne da manoma da manoma su halarci tattalin arzikin makamashi da kuma rage watsi. " Kafa kayan masana'antu da fadada, tun shekarar 2018 ta sadu da tallafin da taimakon kudi a cikin lamuran lamuni.
"Abubuwan kadarorin ethanol suna inganta cikawa da rage abin hawa kamar hydrocarbons," Gwamnatin ta ce, da kuma ba da izinin fashewa da kashi 20 cikin dari da kuma rage karfin hydrocarbon. da 30%. 20% idan aka kwatanta da gas.
A lokacin da aka ƙone, ethanol yana samar da ƙasa 20-40%% fiye da mai tsaka-tsaki mafi tsaka-tsaki kamar yadda suke girma CO2 yayin da suke girma.
Koyaya, masana sun yi gargadin cewa wannan watsi da kayan gas na Greenhouse a cikin sarkar samar da wadatar. Nazarinmu na Amurka na Amurka bara ne ya gano cewa Ethanol moreari har zuwa 24% ƙarin caroline saboda iskar gas daga canjin ƙasa, ƙara yawan amfani da ecosystem da lalacewa ta ƙasa. Tun daga 2001, kadada na 2001, 660,000 na ƙasa a Indiya sun canza zuwa Cane Sugar, a cewar alkalumman gwamnati.
"Ethanol na iya zama kamar mai mai-mai saboda fitar da carbon daga canje-canje na ƙasa, ci gaban kayan ruwa da kuma kwararru na kayan aikin. "Duba Jamus. Bayan ya fahimci wannan, monoculwes yanzu suna karaya. "
Masana sun kuma damu cewa drive don amfani da rake na sukari don samar da ethanol na iya samun mummunan tasiri kan amincin abinci.
Sudhir Pangar, masanin kimiyyar aikin gona kuma tsohon memba na shirin na jihar Uttar Pradesh, "za a kira shi da samar da makamashi." Wannan, in ji shi, "zai kai ga ƙarin yankunan monocpping, wanda zai rage yawan takin ƙasa da kuma sanya amfanin gona da yawa ga kwari. Hakanan zai haifar da rashin tsaro na abinci kamar yadda aka karkatar da ruwa don amfanin gona makamashi. "
A cikin Uttar Pradesh, jami'an sukari na Indiya (Isma) da Uttar Pradesh Sugars sun gaya a halin yanzu masu girbi na ƙasa don saduwa da girma bukatar. A maimakon haka, suna cewa, karuwa da samarwa yana zuwa da kashe kudin ragi da yawa da yawa.
Sonjoy Mohanty, Shugaba na Isma, in ji kamfanin sukari na yanzu na nufin cewa "isa kashi 20% na hadarin ethanol ba zai zama matsala ba." Ya kara da cewa makasudinmu ba shine ƙara yankin ƙasa ba, amma don ƙara yawan samarwa don haɓaka haɓaka, "in ji shi.
Yayin da gwamnatin da gwamnati ta samu da kuma samar da farashin ethanol sun amfana da Singh cewa manoma ba su amfana da manufofin ba.
Sugarcane yawanci yakan girma daga cuttings kuma yana raguwa bayan shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai. Tunda madara mai sukari tana buƙatar ci nasara, manoma suna ba manoma su canza zuwa nau'ikan sababbin abubuwa da kuma amfani da takin zamani da qwari.
Singh ya ce ban da wahalar lalacewa a cikin zafin rana a bara, wanda aka girma a kan Indiya, yana buƙatar ƙarin takinsa da magungunan kashe qwari a kowace shekara. "Saboda kawai na fesa sau ɗaya kawai a kowace amfanin gona, kuma wani lokacin fiye da sau ɗaya, na fesa sau bakwai a wannan shekara," in ji shi sau bakwai a wannan shekara, "in ji shi.
"Kwasuban kwalban kwari yana kashe $ 22 kuma yana aiki akan kadada uku na ƙasa. Ina da [shekara 30] na ƙasa kuma dole ne in fesa ta bakwai ko takwas a wannan kakar. Gwamnati na iya ƙara ribar da aka riƙa da shuka ethanol, amma menene muke samu. Farashi don rake iri ɗaya ne, $ 4 a cikin dari [100 kilogiram na 100], "in ji Mutanen Tomari, wani malami daga Nanganlalal.
Sharma ya ce samarwa ta SORDCane ya kwashe ruwan karkashin kasa a yankin Urtar Pradesh, yanki ne wanda ke fuskantar hadarin ruwan sama da fari. Masana'antu Har ila yau masana'antu suna jefa koguna ta hanyar zubar da abubuwa masu yawa cikin hanyoyin ruwa: injin injin shine mafi girman tushen sharar sharar gida a cikin jihar. A tsawon lokaci, wannan zai sa ya zama da wahala don samar da wasu albarkatu, Sharma in ji Sharma, kai tsaye barazanar gina abinci India.
"A cikin Maharashtra, Cane mafi girma na kasar ta biyu na kasar ta biyu na ƙasar da aka ban ruwa ana amfani da shi don shuka rake na sukari, wanda shine kashi 4 na amfanin gona," in ji shi.
"Mun fara samar da lita 37 na lita 3 na ethanol a kowace shekara kuma sun karɓi izini don fadada samarwa. Karuwa a samarwa ya kawo kudin shiga ga manoma. Mun kuma kula da kusan dukkanin sharar tsiro na shuka, "in ji Rukandra Kandpal, Shugaba. , Masana'antar sukari ta Nanglamal don bayyanawa.
"Muna bukatar mu koyar da manoma su iyakance amfani da takin zamani da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma canjawa zuwa ban ruwa na ruwa ko masu yayyafa. Amma ga rake da yawa, wanda yake cin kwararar ruwa mai yawa, wannan ba haifar da damuwa ba, tun da yanayin Uttar Pradesh yana da wadatar ruwa. " Tushen sukari na India na ya bayyana wannan (Isma) Abinash Verma, tsohon Shugaba. Verma ta ci gaba da aiwatar da manufar gwamnatin tsakiya a kan sukari, rake na sukari da ethanol, kuma suka buɗe kanta hatsi ethanol a cikin Bihar a 2022.
A cikin hasken rahotannin samar da Surcecane a Indiya, Pancar tayi gargadi game da maimaita kwarewar Brazil a 2009-2013, lokacin da yanayin yanayi yake haifar da rage samar da Sandacaneol.
"Ba za mu iya cewa Ethanol ne mai son abokantaka ba, ya ba da duk farashin Kasa, matsin lamba kan lafiyar manoma," matsin lambar Panwar.
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